Islamic Theology

Hadith and the Impression of Substitutionary Atonement

Leave a Comment / Hadith reports explained /

Abstract Claims that Islam teaches substitutionary atonement based on the Abu Musa hadith collapse under close reading. By tracing the report’s three formulations, its placement in Sahih Muslim, and its explanation by al-Baihaqi, al-Nawawi, Ibn Ḥajar, and others, this article shows that the narrations describe reciprocal outcomes—not vicarious punishment. The explicit mention of Jews and […]

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Between Duty and Death: Prophet Musa Slaps an Angel

Leave a Comment / Hadith reports explained /

Waqar Akbar Cheema Abstract Few hadith reports have been quoted as often and understood as poorly as the account of Prophet Musa striking the Angel of Death. To critics, it appears to depict prophetic rashness, angelic vulnerability, and even resistance to divine decree. To others, it is waved away as an awkward relic preserved uncritically

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Thanwi: Expressive Guidance on Delving into Qur’anic Eloquence

Leave a Comment / Qur'an Preservation & Compilation, Quran: Alleged Problems and Contradictions /

Maulana Ashraf ‘Ali Thanwi[1] Translated by Waqar Akbar Cheema On June 18, 1937, the Amritsar weekly Akhbar Ahle Hadith published an edict about a scholar from Azamgarh, UP, India, who had opined that the Qur’an contained some words that were not grammatically and rhetorically the best choice in their respective contexts but were nevertheless used

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